1: The core function of the solar controller is to charge and discharge the battery in the solar power system. One is to prevent the battery from overcharging, causing the battery to be overfilled and damaged or exploding. The second is to prevent the battery from being over-discharged, so that the battery can not be charged, resulting in failure to be damaged or invalid.
2: Because the environment used is different from the region, the operating temperature of the solar controller is also different. In places with large temperature difference, the solar controller should also have the function of temperature compensation.
3: Other additional functions such as: light control switch, time control switch, etc. These solar controllers should be optional.
A solar charge controller is mainly responsible for regulating the energy which flows between solar modules and batteries used in storing up energy generated from solar panels. And controls the power output of the solar cell module and the battery to the load according to the power demand of the load, which is the core control part of the entire photovoltaic power supply system.
When a PV power system is working optimally, there is the likelihood of the battery getting overcharged. This is because the solar panels are built for the purpose of generating higher levels of voltage which if not controlled could lead to damage of the solar power system.
The bank belongs to the state's key security and prevention units, and has the characteristics of various scales, numerous important facilities, complicated personnel, and a wide range of management areas. As the main circulation place of today's social currency and an important part of the national economic operation, the bank's business involves a large amount of cash, securities and valuables.
In the process of handing over the cash box of the bank's cash-carrying car, there will always be some cases of misappropriation and misappropriation in the process of depositing the cash box, causing economic losses to the bank and causing negative social impacts and potential safety hazards.
Under such circumstances, the bank-based cash box management system based on RFID technology came into being. This system can provide a powerful and perfect modern management method, and is a good helper for bank financial business management monitoring. In the process of the tail box handover, the handheld RFID reading and writing device can be used for identity authentication of both parties, and the information of the handover tail box is read and automatically checked as the basis for the handover with the bank outlet, and the wireless network is uploaded to the dispatch monitoring center when the tailgate is handed over.
Through RFID technology system, it can realize the whole process, real-time and automatic management and monitoring of the entire business process, and respond to the first-time response to the problem, prevent the phenomenon of forgery caused by human factors, and ensure the safety and accuracy of the tail box management and so on.
Newborn babies are born every day in the hospital, and this new life is the most precious property for every family and parent. According to the statistics report of the medical department, the incidents of baby miscarriage and theft in the maternity hospital have occurred.
RFID baby identification anti-theft system is safe and reliable, not only has comprehensive regional monitoring, including real-time positioning and tracking of tags and regional positioning of events, but also has a fast response rate of alarm events.
Baby and mother wear wristbands, baby wristbands contain active long-range RFID tags, and mother wristbands contain source short-range RFID tags. The baby's active RFID is used by the system to identify its range of activity, and the close-up examination of the infant and mother uses a handheld RFID reader to visually identify the pairing relationship.
A card reader is arranged in the activity space for collecting information about the baby. A fixed RFID reader (adjustable distance, 3-8 m) is installed in each room where the baby is located, and a long-distance card reader (distance is 20 m) is installed in the aisle corridor. Each baby wristband information is automatically uploaded to the application management subsystem for data processing; at important peripheral channels, it is designed to be accessible only to authorized personnel. Maximize the elimination of unrelated people in and out.
In terms of neonatal management, the hospital can not only monitor the position of the baby wearing the anti-theft tag in real time, track and record the movement of the baby, but also implement monitoring and protection more effectively, and can immediately locate the event when an alarm event occurs and stop the theft incident in time.
As one of the key technologies of security and Internet of Things, RFID is currently rich in related products and solutions, and the market application is gradually deepening. The application fields are expanding and expanding, especially in intelligent transportation, smart parking, smart access control, radio frequency security, personnel and Areas such as item positioning and track management have gradually gained very mature applications.
Taking jewelry management as an example, the jewelry industry has problems in the exclusive counters of specialty stores. The products that the jewelry industry sells every day are high-value jewellery, which is very important for the daily inventory of goods.
However, the current work of jewellery inventory is basically done by manual manual operation, and the jewellery products have the small size and large number of actual situations. A large number of products are counted by a small number of sales personnel, which results in a huge actual situation of inventory work time.
After adopting the RFID scheme, the target object can be automatically identified by the RFID handheld terminal, and the identification work no longer requires manual intervention. RFID jewelry management is to attach RFID tags to precious jewelry products. Combined with the jewelry counting equipment(fixed RFID reader) installed on the counter, it is used to monitor, control and track the labeling of jewelry accessories, enabling fast inventory and real-time management functions.
In addition to convenience, RFID products have high stability, no mechanical wear and long service life, so the maintenance cost is relatively low. This is an important reason for domestic users to accept and innovate the new RFID technology.
When using the existing RFID Demo software, the length of the read operation cannot exceed 255 words, which is 510 bytes. This is also the upper limit of the amount of data read by Gen2. Reading too much data at a time will also cause the performance of the reading to be unstable. In fact, reading 128 words at a time is not stable. This is related to the performance of the specific label. When actually doing the project, it should be sufficient. After testing, choose an appropriate value as the number of single reads and writes.
There are a lot of UHF RFID tags in the user area, such as 1K bytes, how to read the large-capacity data area? There are two ways to read 1K bytes of data as an example:
Call the readWait SYNC API 4 times, reading 128 words each time;
ReadWait offset=0, size=128 words;
ReadWait offset=128, size=128 words;
ReadWait offset=256, size=128 words;
ReadWait offset=384, size=128 words;
Call the “Actions.TagAccess.Operation Sequence.performSequence” ASYNC API multiple times (recommended this way - good performance)
If 128 words is unstable, you can read 64 words, 32 words or less each time, and the number of calls increases accordingly. The read and write performance of different UHF RFID reader is different. According to the actual test, the amount of read and write data of a single sequence is adjusted; the number of calls is increased accordingly.
By putting the license plate number of the transport vehicle into the RFID electronic tag, when the transport vehicle enters various transport nodes such as intersections, unloading yards, yards, warehouses, etc., it can be carried out by an RFID card reader installed above the road. Reading, completely out of manual intervention, improves the speed and accuracy of vehicle traffic counting.
Compared with the license plate recognition technology of video and image processing, RFID-based vehicle recognition has high accuracy and is not easily affected by the environment, and can accurately and comprehensively acquire vehicle information.
The electronic tag is pre-written with the basic information of the vehicle through the card issuing management system, such as the vehicle ID, the license plate number, the owner, the fleet, and the like. The RFID tags are installed on the vehicle windshield of all the entrances and exits, and the vehicle has a unique ID card. The UHF RFID antenna system is installed at all intersections, roads, etc. where it is necessary to identify the electronic license plate.
Electronic license plate (R F I D tag) The passive card in the U H F (902 ~ 928MHz) frequency band can be used for long-term maintenance and repeated use. The electronic license plate is mounted on the front windshield of the vehicle by anti-disassembly technology, which forms a unique correspondence with the vehicle and becomes the only electronic identity mark of the vehicle. The identity information of the vehicle is strictly fixed in the vehicle.
The RFID electronic license plate automatic counting system does not require manual invoices, which greatly improves the accuracy of counting, reduces the error of counting people, and prevents human cheating. The system can realize bicycle statistics and group statistics, settlement statistics, and engineering materials management.
From the perspective of technological development, high-frequency technology is relatively mature than UHF technology. Through continuous improvement and improvement, a learning curve model for high-frequency tag production, data protocol sharing, and the basis for constructing RFID applications has also been established.
Both high frequency and ultra high frequency RFID systems rely heavily on the communication environment between the RFID reader and the tag. UHF uses the principle of electromagnetic emission and is therefore more susceptible to electromagnetic interference. At the same time, the metal will reflect the signal, and the water will absorb the signal, all of which will interfere with the normal function of the tag.
The International Organization for Standardization/International Electrotechnical Commission established the ISO/IEC, 15693 standard in 1999 to regulate the implementation of high frequency radio frequency identification technology. The standards for UHF are not so uniform, and the frequencies used in different countries are not the same. The UHF designated by the EU is 865~868MHz, the United States is 902~928MHz, India is 865~867MHz, Australia is 920~926MHz, Japan is 952~954MHz.
The European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) EN300-220 specification has two main provisions that are less favorable for UHF. One is about the power limitation, which stipulates that the effective radiated power is 500 mW; the second is about the bandwidth limitation, and as a result, the reader cannot be frequency hopped.
RFID tags have received a lot of praise from users in practical applications. Although the price is relatively high, UHF RFID technology has obvious unique advantages in automatic identification and security of products, and the production efficiency and management of enterprises will be has seen an increase.
Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is a non-contact, automatic identification technology. The car security anti-theft system uses radio frequency identification technology to automatically identify the target object and obtain relevant data through the radio frequency signal. RFID technology uses RF transmission to read chip data through external materials for non-contact operation.
Communication data uses an encryption algorithm to encrypt data for secure data storage, management, and communication. With the rapid development of electronic technology, the integration of electronic chips has increased, and the cost of RFID systems has been continuously reduced, accelerating the promotion and application of intelligence in the automotive electronics industry.
Taking a four-tire car as an example, the system consists of four tire modules, one RFID reader module and one base station module. The base station module includes an RF receiver, an LF transceiver, a central control part, a human-machine interface, and is used for transmission. Ignition, gated command of the Automotive Area Interconnect Network (LIN) bus.
The four tire modules are installed in the four tires of the car, and the pressure, temperature and battery voltage parameters of each tire are measured in real time, and the measured data is sent to the base station module for processing by RF communication. The base station module receives RF data from the tire module on the one hand, and further determines whether the tire parameters are normal, and performs real-time alarm if an abnormality is found.
The RFID security-based anti-theft system greatly improves the flexibility and security of the system, saves system space, and reduces production costs. It has broad application prospects in the automotive electronics field.
Based on a simple RFID system, combined with existing network technology, database technology, middleware technology, etc., build a "Internet of Things" consisting of a large number of networked readers and numerous mobile tags, which are larger than Internet. ) has become a trend in the development of RFID technology.
The logistics warehousing management system uses RFID technology to capture information, connects it to an open network system through wireless data communication and other technologies, and automatically identifies and tracks the information in each link of the supply chain, thereby building a huge logistics system. A highly intelligent, physical Internet that covers everything between the items on the warehouse and even between objects and people.
The RFID-based Internet of Things will fundamentally change the management level of flow monitoring for all aspects of production, transportation, and warehousing within the scope of global logistics and warehousing. A product with an electronic tag. The electronic tag has a unique code for the product. When the tagged product passes through a passive RFID reader, the information of the product is transmitted to the designated computer via the Internet. This is a Fully automated product flow monitoring network.
Nowadays, the “Internet of Things” is seen as an important driving force for the recovery of the world economy, and its core technology, RFID, has also received much attention. RFID technology has the advantages of non-contact and automatic identification, and has a wide range of applications in logistics management. However, the development of RFID still faces many problems, and technical standards, implementation costs, and information security all constitute major obstacles to the full application of RFID.
RFID is a non-contact automatic identification technology. This technology was born during the Second World War and is mainly used to identify aircraft.
The simplest RFID systems include tags, readers and antennas. Additional hardware and software support is required in the real world.
About RFID Reader
The reader is divided into two types: handheld reader and fixed reader. It consists of a transceiver, an antenna, a receiver, and a control module.
Fixed readers generally have multiple antenna ports. Users can have multiple antennas to implement one reader to read and write tags from multiple places at the same time, or configure multiple antennas with different angles for the same tag. To ensure read and write efficiency.
About RFID Tag
The most common is the passive RF system. When the reader encounters the RFID tag, it emits electromagnetic waves and forms an electromagnetic field around it. The tag obtains the microchip circuit in the energy-activated tag from the electromagnetic field. The chip converts the electromagnetic wave and sends it to the reader. The reader puts It is converted into related data. The control calculator can process this data for administrative control.
The personal multi-modal biometrics recognition system mainly collects fingerprints, facial images and DNA, and text information into the microprocessor through computer terminals, and then integrates the information into the background and records the individual biometric information database management system through the network. And can be related to other military information about military information, political information, medical care, clothing, wages, housing and other supply relationship information.
At the same time, a unique ID serial number is generated and written into the RFID card by the RFID reader and its biometric auxiliary information. Then, only the RFID reader writer is used to read the ID and the biometric auxiliary information, and after inputting into the computer terminal, the matching query is performed in the individual biometric information database via the wireless communication network or the local area network.
The computer terminal can be applied with a microcomputer based on the Windows.net operating system, and the Linux RFID reader is internally configured, and the extended interface is connected to the biometric collector. In addition to the DNA, other features can be collected and read and written in real time. The information in the RFID card needs to be encrypted while being written. Finally, an individual biometric information database is established.
RFI D radio frequency identification is a non-contact automatic identification technology that automatically identifies target objects and acquires relevant data through radio frequency signals. The identification work requires no human intervention. Compared with traditional barcodes, it has non-contact, rewritable, fast scanning, good penetrability, high security, large data storage capacity, waterproof, anti-magnetic, high temperature resistance, long service life and large reading distance. It can adapt to the complex environmental requirements of modern high-tech local warfare.
RFID Electronic Tags are packaged in many forms, are not limited by standard shapes and sizes, and their composition is also very different, and even requires special design according to various requirements. The Transponder has been used in sizes ranging from ¢6mm to 76x45mm, small or even micron-sized chips, including antennas with a size of 0.4×0.4mm; storage capacity from 64-200bit read-only ID numbers. The small-capacity type is a large-capacity type (for example, EEPROM 32Kbit) that can store tens of thousands of bits of data; the package material is from self-adhesive to open-molded plastic.
The material, composition, and the like of the various package forms of the electronic tag are different.
Card type (PVC, paper, other) laminated, both melted and sealed.
The melt pressure is made by heating the INLAY sheet of the center layer and the upper and lower pieces of PVC material. The PVC material is fused with INLAY and then die-cut into the size specified in ISO7816.
When the chip adopts a Transponder, the chip is raised above the antenna plane (the antenna thickness is 0.01 to 0.03 mm), and another lamination method, that is, sealing, can be used. At this time, the substrate is usually PET or paper, and the thickness of the chip is usually 0.20 to 0.38 mm. When the card is packaged, only the PVC is sealed at the periphery of the antenna, and the chip is not fused, and the chip is not pressed, so that the chip can be prevented from being crushed.
Gluing type, using paper or other materials to make the Transponder upper and lower materials glue together by cold glue, and then die-cut into cards of various sizes.
(1) Label-type paste type, the finished product can be made into the label form of manual or labeling machine, which is the most mainstream product in the application, that is, the electronic label attached to the back of the trademark is directly attached to the object to be marked. Such as aeronautical baggage tags, pallets, etc. Hanging type, which corresponds to clothing and articles using hanging products, is characterized by compact size and can be recycled. (2) Shaped metal surface type, most electronic labels will be affected by metal and will not work properly. These tags are specially treated and can be placed on metal and can be read and written. It is used for the surface of various metal parts such as pressure vessels, boilers and fire-fighting equipment. The wristband type can be used once (eg medical) or reused (eg playground). The animal and plant use type can be an injection type glass tube, a hanging ear tag, a buckle type foot ring, and the like.
With its breakthrough technical features and wide applicability, electronic label technology has been increasingly recognized by the market. With the further improvement of the chip manufacturing process, packaging process, and the maturity of packaging equipment and materials, electronic tags will be more suitable for our needs. At the same time, we have left us with a series of new topics that we need to improve and improve.
Bar codes and RFID tags are both item information identification technologies, and their essence is to give a special number to an item, through which you can get information about the item.
The bar code is numbered by knowing the change of the image by optical means.
The RFID tag can be considered as the electronic version of the barcode, and its working principle is the radio principle. The number information in the RFID tag chip is obtained through the process of electromagnetic wave carrier and modulation.
RFID tag category:
Low-frequency electronic tags:
Its operating frequency range is 30kHz ~ 300kHz.
Typical operating frequencies are: 125KHz, 133KHz (There are other frequencies close to it, such as TI uses 134.2KHz).
High and medium frequency electronic tags:
The working frequency of mid-to-high frequency electronic tags is generally 3MHz ~ 30MHz. Typical operating frequency is 13.56MHz.
UHF and microwave tags:
Ultra-high frequency electronic tag, its typical working frequency is: 433.92MHz, 862 (902) ~ 928MHz;
Microwave range: above 3GHz
Ultra-high frequency (UHF) ranges from 300MHz to 3GHz, and microwave ranges above 3GHz. RFID systems using UHF and microwave are called UHF RFID systems. Typical operating frequencies are 433MHz, 860 ~ 960MHz, 2.45GHz, 5.8GHz, and the frequency wavelength is around 30cm.
UHF tags can be active or passive, and communicate with the reader through electromagnetic coupling. The communication distance is generally greater than 1m, typically 4-6m, and the maximum can exceed 10m.
Radio waves in the UHF band cannot pass through many materials, especially suspended particulate matter such as water, dust, and fog.
UHF readers have very high data transfer rates and can read a large number of electronic tags in a short period of time.
The reader is generally equipped with a directional antenna, and only tags within the directional wave speed range of the reader antenna can be read and written.
The antenna inside the tag is long and label-like. The antenna has two designs, linear and circular polarization, to meet the needs of different applications.
The data storage capacity of UHF tags is generally limited to 2048bit.
From a technical and application perspective, tags are not suitable as a carrier of large amounts of data. Their main function is to identify items and complete the non-contact identification process. Typical data capacity indicators are 1024bit, 128bit, 64bit, etc.
Typical applications include supply chain management, production line automation, air parcel management, container management, railway parcel management, and logistics management systems.
Breast pump suction level is measured in mmHg – milimetres of mercury – which is the standard unit of measuring vacuum pressure. When you’re buying a breast vacuum pump, you might see mmHg in the product listing. This number, generally in the range of 220 to 350, is the maximum suction level. Hospital grade pumps generally have maximum suction levels in the 300 range while personal grade pumps are generally in the 200 range. This doesn’t necessarily make a pump better or worse – it’s just symptomatic of hospital grade pumps having bigger, stronger motors since they are designed for more rigorous use. AJK mini vacuum pumps have been well used in the breast pump products for a long time. The different size and parameters of mini vacuum pumps are used for different suction level of breast pump.
Should you have any more questions about the micro vacuum pump, welcome for inquiry!
Indian company Agra Nagar Nigam has decided to simplify solid waste management by installing RFID tags, which are installed in 99,450 houses in 51 communities and handing over 350 RFID handheld readers to cleaners.
Homeowners must put dry garbage and wet garbage in different bins and pay a Rs 65 management fee each month.
When the cleaner collects garbage from the house and scans the RFID tag installed in the house, it will automatically signal to the command and control center of the Agra Smart City Office. After collecting garbage, the homeowner will receive a text message from the mobile phone.
If cleaners do not collect garbage at home, homeowners can also complain through mobile apps.
Homeowners must keep the RFID tags intact. If there is a problem with the label, the homeowner will pay a fine of Rs 100 for this.
The collected garbage will be sent to six collection centers located at different locations in the city. The dry waste is then sent to the processing plant and the wet waste is sent to the composting plant.
UHF RFID electronic tags usually refer to electronic tags that conform to the ISO18000-6C & EPC C1G2 protocol. Of course, there are also electronic tags of the ISO18000-6B protocol, but the ISO18000-6B protocol is gradually marginalized.
First, what needs to be considered is the storage structure of UHF electronic tags?
1. What is the model of the chip?
2. What is the memory map of the chip in the chip's specification?
Generally, the electronic label of the 6C protocol is divided into a TID area, an EPC area, a user area, and a reserved area. The TID is the serial number of the solidified chip and cannot be changed. The EPC area is the most frequently used and written area. Some tags have a user area, and some tags, except for the user area, are usually reserved for storing access passwords.
What kind of data do we need to store in UHF RFID electronic tags? Does the data need to be encrypted?
A typical case is the coding method used in the RFID clothing industry.
96 bit EPC, can store 24 HEX in total, how to allocate these 24 HEX is more important, the following figure clearly lists the storage type of a certain garment,
1- 14 for the product UPC
15-19 digits for clothing information such as style, color, size
20--24 digits are the serial number
Access password and inactivation killing password, add according to your own needs, but you need to pay attention to whether the chip itself can perform password operations
Finally, prepare the UHF RFID reader for batch writing.
Modern warehousing and logistics distribution have become more diversified and demanding. Not only must we implement the storage management of goods, but we must also mark the types, quantities, attributes, etc. of goods in the warehouse one by one. Especially in the management of military supplies, high standards and strict requirements are even more needed. RFID technology relies on many characteristics and has been maturely applied in various fields to efficiently improve internal inventory, warehouse positioning, and distribution security control management.
The army material RFID management system is an Internet of Things solution for military weapons, firearms, combat readiness, and other types of material management. Among them, RFID access control system, material management system, alarm system and other systems are combined into one, which not only manages combat preparation materials, but also realizes management of other property materials in the army, personnel authority management, material life cycle management, and maintenance. Reminders and other functions provide favorable guarantees for the management of many materials in the army.
Deploy and install RFID access control systems in the warehouse of combat readiness materials or training materials, and install RFID access doors or RFID reader devices in the warehouses to identify the access to the access channels. First, you need to apply in advance to the reserve materials administrator (the reserve materials administrator only has access to the access control system). All combat materials are equipped with unique electronic ID RFID tags, and the information about the combat materials corresponding to the tags is recorded in the system. At the same time, each person who enters the warehouse to extract strategic materials is equipped with an RFID card with its identity information. After the materials are extracted and passed through the RFID access door, the personnel information and the material information raised by the person will be obtained. Relevant records of personnel information, the system will prompt the successful borrowing of the material. When returning the materials, the system will also record the relevant information of the personnel and materials when passing through the RFID access door to ensure that the materials can be put into the warehouse in time. The material management personnel will use the RFID handheld terminal device. Inventory inspection of the material situation, the inspection situation information is recorded in the system to facilitate the daily maintenance and management of materials.
Intelligent warehouse management with RFID technology can enhance the accuracy and speed of warehouse operations. Reducing the loss of individual assets due to inadequate management in the inflow and outflow of combat readiness materials, laying a foundation for ensuring the security of combat readiness materials. Improve the management and service level of the combat readiness warehouse, and provide favorable guarantees for the work of the army's logistics department, equipment department, and training department. RFID technology combined with network technology to build military asset management to achieve modernization and informationization, and provide intelligent security management for combat readiness and storage.
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